The Control of Gene Expression Biology Diagrams Mitosis is controlled by a network of kinases and phosphatases. We screened a library of small interfering RNAs against a genome-wide set of phosphatases to comprehensively evaluate the role of human phosphatases in mitosis. We found four candidate spindle checkpoint phosphatases, including the tumor suppressor CDKN3.
A tumor suppressor may possess multiple mechanisms to suppress cancer cell growth 3. For example, the most important tumor suppressor p53, which is associated with about 50% of human cancer cases 7, can trigger DNA repair processes, induce the transcription of other tumor suppressors, such as p21 and p16, and initiate cell apoptosis 3, 8, 9. The p53 pathway is a complex cellular stress response network with multiple diverse inputs and downstream outputs relevant to its role as a tumor suppressor pathway. While inroads have been made in understanding the biology and signaling in the p53 pathway, the p53 family, transcriptional readouts, and effects of an array of mutants, the
The tumor suppressor CDKN3 controls mitosis Biology Diagrams
The RB Pathway. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) is a key regulator of the G1 to S transition during the cell cycle (Burkhart and Sage, 2008).It was one of the first tumor suppressor genes identified and is commonly inactivated in several tumor types (Marshall, 1991).It is common for tumors with inactivating mutations in pRB to be aneuploid with an increased susceptibility to
Mitosis is crucial for cell division, and its errors can lead to cancer development by causing uncontrolled cell growth. Each mutation type has a unique pathway leading from normal cellular behavior to cancerous growth. Loss of Tumor Suppressor Genes: When genes that normally inhibit cell division are lost or mutated, unchecked
Targeting Mitosis in Cancer: Emerging Strategies Biology Diagrams
The PLK1-Mps1 pathway plays an important role in mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) assembly. It is likely that DAB2IP acts as a scaffold to aid PLK1-Mps1 in targeting Cdc20. Depletion or loss of the Cdks-mediated phosphorylation of DAB2IP destabilizes the MCC, impairs the SAC, and increases chromosome missegregation and subsequent CIN, thus
Following mitosis, RB1 is partly dephosphorylated and the hypophosphorylated state is restored. In this fashion, RB1 switches between hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated states during the cell cycle. For instance, PTEN is a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway and a classical tumor suppressor, Molecular genetic studies of familial cancer syndromes identified and defined the recessive nature of tumor suppressor genes and resolved the paradox of why tumors arising in such families exhibited an autosomally dominant pattern of inheritance. Subsequent characterization of tumor suppressor proteins revealed their widespread involvement in sporadic cancers and pinpointed key mechanisms that Abstract. TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer with over 100,000 literature citations in PubMed. This is a heavily studied pathway in cancer biology and oncology with a history that dates back to 1979 when p53 was discovered. The p53 pathway is a complex cellular stress response network with multiple diverse inputs and downstream outputs relevant to its role as a tumor
