A Chromatin Accessibility Atlas of the Developing Human Telencephalon Cell Biology Diagrams Despite chromosome condensation during mitosis visible by microscopy, the landscape of chromatin accessibility at the macromolecular level is largely unaltered. However, mitotic chromatin accessibility is locally dynamic, with individual loci maintaining none, some, or all of their interphase accessibility. Studying chromatin accessibility, nucleosome positioning and TF behaviors in the context of mitosis therefore provides a unique perspective on how TFs interact with the chromatin. These studies call for cautious interpretation of chromatin accessibility results while providing rich hypotheses to its function in transcriptional control and its During mitosis, transcription is globally attenuated and chromatin architecture is dramatically reconfigured. We exploited the M- to G1-phase progression to interrogate the contributions of the
Although mitotic chromosomes are highly compacted and transcriptionally inert, some active chromatin features are retained during mitosis to ensure the proper postmitotic reestablishment of maternal transcriptional programs, a phenomenon termed "mitotic bookmarking." However, the dynamics and regula โฆ Lastly, mitotic chromosomes have also been investigated as a natural perturbation of chromatin structure. In mitosis, transcription is globally downregulated, Thus, chromatin accessibility can play an important role in the sensing lesion depending on the type of DNA damage, and more work in this direction will shed mechanistic light on the
Chromatin accessibility: methods, mechanisms, and biological insights Biology Diagrams
Individual sites display diverse patterns of interphase-to-mitosis dynamics in chromatin accessibility. (A) Example of DNase hotspots and peaks. (B) G1E + GATA1 DNase cut density profiles at the Gata2, Slc8b1, and Klf13 loci are shown to illustrate their spatial patterns. Broad versus narrow sensitivity patterns are captured by the hotspots The dynamic regulation of chromatin accessibility is one of the prominent characteristics of eukaryotic genome. The inaccessible regions are mainly located in heterochromatin, which is multilevel compressed and access restricted. HNF4a and C/EBPฮฑ, as well as the cell cycle and mitosis repressive factor, E2F4, to the their target genes
Mitosis is concomitant with global histone phosphorylation and deacetylation (), the loss of chromatin accessibility and long-range chromatin interactions (), and the dissociation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and transcription factors (TFs) from chromatin (3, 4), resulting in the silencing of gene transcription.Despite this, emerging observations have indicated that some chromatin features These studies clearly demonstrate that the pronounced compaction of chromatin during the transition from interphase to mitosis 1 does not markedly affect its local accessibility and thus, possibly